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Pheromone traps can detect the birth of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. As an example, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian woods for several decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are coated with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals visit or create their house in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban areas. Some contaminate foodstuffs, harm structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest kept dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire hazards, and some are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing pests like insects and rodents. Historically, local people or compensated rat-catchers captured and killed rodents using dogs and seals.25 On a domestic scale, sticky flypapers are utilized to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects might be trapped using such means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a tacky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be killed by appropriately baited spring traps and can be captured in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be used to establish routes employed by rodents inside buildings and acoustic devices can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, guns have been one of the primary methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specially designed to fire .22 grade snake shot or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers such as snakes, rodents, birds, and other pest. Garden Guns are short range weapons which can do little harm beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively silent when fired with snake shot, when compared with a standard ammunition.

They are also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle packed with #12 shot. At a distance of about ten ft (3 m), which is around the maximum effective range, the pattern is roughly 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter by a standard rifle. Particular smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 oz.

Poisoned bait is a common way of controlling rats, rats, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other pests. The basic granules, or alternative formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have enough time to carry the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for both slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for the anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses however kill a vast range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a construction to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is costly and inconvenient because the construction cannot be utilized during the treatment, however, it aims all life stages of insects.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to disperse a liquid insecticide in wikipedia reference the air within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, at the price of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of insect insects can sometimes be radically decreased by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a insect, sterilising it by means of X-rays or various other means, and releasing it important site into a wild population. It is very helpful where a female only mates once and where the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, a few species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.